Calculate gain

A man buys n articles at a total cost of Rs. P and sells them at x paise each.Obtain a formula for gain and gain%.

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answer

So he buys for n articles for a total cost of P.
And then he sells each for x.

Total selling cost = $  S = x \cdot n $

$ gain = S - P = x \cdot n - P $

the procent that was gain for the investment P was

$$\frac{gain}{P}  \cdot 100\% = \frac{x \cdot n - P}{P} \cdot 100\% = \frac{x \cdot n}{P} \cdot 100\% - 100\%$$

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